Category: All Posts Page 12 of 146

#DidYouAnole? – Anolis alvarezdeltoroi


Photo: Wouter Beukema, iNaturalist

So I’ve been reading a lot of anole papers, aside from the ones I normally read for fun (can’t believe I read papers for fun now), and I found an anole that’s pretty similar to two anoles I’ve looked at before but also still unusual.

Welcome back by the way. Nice to have to you here again.

This week is a third little cave anole, Anolis alvarezdeltoroi, or the Mexican cave anole. Mexican cave anoles live in a similar karst limestone habitat like Anolis bartschi and Anolis lucius and are often found deep inside caves, occasionally sleeping from the roof it. They may also perch from vegetation in or around the caves, particularly as juveniles.


Photo: Daniel Pineda Vera, iNaturalist

Like the other two anoles, the Mexican cave anole has a similar short body/long hindleg morphology. In a paper redescribing the species, the average SVL of the male anoles they measured was 53.3-74.0 mm, and 49.6-66.5 mm in females.

They seem to rely heavily on the karst habitat with healthy populations being found in areas with diminished forest but intact limestone/cave areas.

Male Mexican cave anoles have dark red dewlaps with white lateral rows of scales, while females have smaller black dewlaps with a similar pattern.


Photo: Arístides García Vinalay, iNaturalist

Please read the paper redescribing this anole here! For a while there was only a specimen available of it and not much info, but they worked on it and you should check it out. I wouldn’t have been able to write this if it wasn’t for them.

What’s Happening to Green Anoles in Gainesville?

From the pages of the Gainesville Sun , referring to a recent paper in Oecologia.

Danielle Ivanov

The Gainesville Sun

From April to September of 2017, Jesse Borden was climbing trees and counting lizards around Alachua County.

Sometimes, he could be found in branches on the University of Florida campus or in people’s backyards. Other times, his distinctive red helmet popped in and out of leaves in nearby forests.

Jesse Borden, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Florida in the UF/IFAS College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, stands in a tree during fieldwork. (Photo by Jesse Borden)

The 34-year-old UF student is in his fourth year pursuing a doctoral degree in interdisciplinary ecology, and much of his work has focused on Gainesville’s native green anole lizards and their responses to two threats: development and invasive brown anoles.

He found that in the presence of brown anoles, the green natives moved about 17 times higher in trees, or about 8.3 meters in median perch height, to coexist. But the shift did not allow the lizards to overcome their habitat loss from human development.

These findings were recently published on Oct. 7 in the journal Oecologia.

“The extent to which [green anoles] were shifting was pretty fascinating,” Borden said. “That appears to allow them to coexist with the threat of an invasive species, the brown anole that is competing with it, but it doesn’t make them immune to other effects like urban development. And so it seemed like urbanization was the strongest driver of their decline across the landscape.”

An invasive brown anole lizard lifts its head from the side of a tree. (Photo by Jesse Borden)

Brown anoles were first introduced to the mainland southeastern U.S. in the early 1900s and were well established by the 1940s, according to the study. In Alachua County, they have been established for decades and appear to thrive in urban environments, Borden said. It is not known exactly how they came to the area, but it could have been via cargo and boats.

To study the green anoles’ response to both development and brown anoles at the same time, he and other helpers surveyed 61 trees and the ground around them for lizards twice each, once per day and once after dark. They then statistically analyzed the data for metrics like abundance, perch height and urbanization.

“It was a lot of fun,” Borden said. “Many thanks to so many kind people who let us use their backyard trees.”

The student said his findings raised many questions and topics for future research, such as how much time the green anoles spend higher in the trees. He is currently working on a project looking at evidence for change in body shape across the urban to natural gradient in lizard species here and change in their temperature tolerance to cold.

For Gainesville residents who miss seeing the little green lizards, Borden said, there are a few things people can do to help bolster their habitat space in the city. Planting native vegetation of varying heights in yard space can benefit the green anoles. Protecting and preserving forest patches and trees also supports them and lots of other wildlife.

A native green anole lizard rests on a human thumb. (Photo by Jesse Borden)

“I just hope people are noticing the green anoles,” Borden said. “I find them so beautiful. They’re super cool. They’re a really fun and special part of the southeast U.S. and Florida.”

Contact Borden online via Twitter at @JesseBBorden or Instagram at @borden_ecology_adventures.

UVB Basking by Anoles

green anole basking under UVB, photo credit: r/anoles user, u/BMKMNC

Every so often I notice some of my anoles hanging from the screen lid of their enclosure, directly underneath the UVB light. At first I thought that it was just a fluke, but I have since observed them doing it on multiple occasions. Moreover, this UVB basking behavior has been reported by another green anole owner on the r/anoles subreddit (see pictures below). There must be something that compels them to do this.

I considered that maybe they are UVB basking to compensate for a deficiency. I changed my anoles’ UVB bulbs, but they still sporadically engage in the basking behavior. So, I am looking into other lighting options because I have concerns that the lizards aren’t getting enough UVB light through the screen, or that the lights aren’t strong enough. I do not have a UVB meter to confirm these suspicions. Regardless, my anoles all seem healthy and active.

Although I have not been particularly scientific with my observations, I have noticed that UVB basking is engaged in more frequently by my females and my elderly male anole. Perhaps they require more vitamin D than the average male green anole due to fertility and senescence, respectively. I have not noticed a trend regarding when this behavior occurs; it seems to happen at random. More careful observation is required.

What are your thoughts regarding the cause of UVB basking? Have you witnessed your anoles engaging in this behavior as well?

Green anole basking under UVB, photo credit: r/anoles user, u/BMKMNC

My senior green anole, tanning under UVB light

Dueling Anole Adaptive Radiations on the Macroevolutionary Stage

In a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Patton et al. (2021) examine island and mainland radiations of Anolis lizards in an effort to understand what occurs when “adaptive radiations collide.” Discussion of mainland anoles merits featuring one of the oddest mainland species, the Ecuadorian Anolis proboscis (female and male pictured here; credit Santiago Ron [Wikimedia Commons]).

New literature alert!

Upon hearing “anole lizards,” those in the evolution and ecology community familiar with the outstanding diversity of Anolis lizards may immediately reflect on the replicative adaptive radiations that have occurred in the Greater Antilles, painting a portrait of adaptation, convergence, and ecological character displacement that has served as the basis of research among Caribbean biologists for decades. But, perhaps, what is less generally appreciated is that the vast bulk of Anolis lizard diversity (currently sitting at 436 species, per the ReptileDatabase) actually occurs on mainland Central and South America! Indeed, if we were to zoom out on the Anolis Tree of Life, we could pick out three major clades that represent independent adaptive radiations– one in the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and then two on the Mainland. Hence, as has been appreciated by many Anolis biologists before (most recently, Huie et al. 2021), the multiple radiations of these lizards provides the substrate to examine not only convergence, but, additionally, what happens when these clades come into contact? What happens when adaptive radiations collide?

This question forms the basis (and title) for a recently published study by Patton et al. (2021), who attempt to untangle themes of adaptation, historical biogeography, convergence and divergence in ecology and morphology, and the diversification dynamics of the three major Anolis radiations.

When adaptive radiations collide: Different evolutionary trajectories between and within island and mainland lizard clades

In PNAS

Patton, Harmon, Castañeda, Frank, Donihue, Herrel, and Losos

Abstract:

Oceanic islands are known as test tubes of evolution. Isolated and colonized by relatively few species, islands are home to many of nature’s most renowned radiations from the finches of the Galápagos to the silverswords of the Hawaiian Islands. Despite the evolutionary exuberance of insular life, island occupation has long been thought to be irreversible. In particular, the presumed much tougher competitive and predatory milieu in continental settings prevents colonization, much less evolutionary diversification, from islands back to mainlands. To test these predictions, we examined the ecological and morphological diversity of neotropical Anolis lizards, which originated in South America, colonized and radiated on various islands in the Caribbean, and then returned and diversified on the mainland. We focus in particular on what happens when mainland and island evolutionary radiations collide. We show that extensive continental radiations can result from island ancestors and that the incumbent and invading mainland clades achieve their ecological and morphological disparity in very different ways. Moreover, we show that when a mainland radiation derived from island ancestors comes into contact with an incumbent mainland radiation the ensuing interactions favor the island-derived clade.

Repeated Evolution of Skin Surface Micro-Architecture and Increased Hydrophobicity in Semi-Aquatic Anoles

A Stream Anole (Anolis oxylophus) on the cover of the Journal of Experimental Biology (vol. 224, issue 19). Photo credit: © Day’s Edge Productions.

Terrestrial animals that venture into the water on a regular basis face a number of challenges not encountered by their strictly terrestrial counterparts. While submerged, they must deal with hydrodynamic drag forces hindering locomotion and with the risk of running out of air. Back on land, the film of water adhering to their body surface may interfere with locomotion and thermoregulation or may increase the risk of bio-fouling. Many semi-aquatic invertebrates (and plants) have developed complex surface microstructures with water-repellent properties to overcome these problems, but equivalent adaptations of the skin have not been reported for vertebrates that encounter similar environmental challenges.

The transition to a semi-aquatic lifestyle has independently occurred multiple times throughout the evolutionary history of Anolis (see Fig. 1A below). In anoles, the skin surface is covered with microscopic hair-like ornaments, and contingent upon its complexity, organization, and length dimensions, these hair-like microstructures may have the potential to generate extreme surface hydrophobicity. Indeed, similar skin surface microstructures have been found in geckos and are shown to be responsible for the highly hydrophobic surface of their skin. The water-resistant properties of anole skin, however, have remained unexamined, but very recent discoveries have provided valuable insight into this matter. Boccia et al. (2021) observed that semi-aquatic Anolis lizards are able to sustain long periods submerged underwater by iteratively expiring and re-inspiring narial air bubbles. As in semi-aquatic insects, a hydrophobic skin is a key requirement for the underwater formation of an air bubble, hence, functional respiration, so a hydrophobic skin in semi-aquatic anoles is implied. However, whether a hydrophobic structured skin surface in anoles has evolved in response to life at the water-land interface is still an open question. Answering this question was the primary goal of our study.

We studied the skin surface morphology of preserved anole specimens using scanning electron microscopy and tested the wettability of the skin surface using contact-angle goniometry (Fig. 1D). We found that the skin surface of semi-aquatic species of Anolis lizards is characterized by a more elaborate microstructural architecture (i.e. longer hair-like structures; Fig 1B,C) and a lower wettability (Fig. 1D,E) relative to closely related terrestrial species. In addition, phylogenetic comparative models revealed repeated independent evolution of enhanced skin hydrophobicity associated with the transition to a semi-aquatic lifestyle, providing evidence of adaptation.

Figure 1 from Baeckens et al. (2021)

We believe our findings bring an additional dimension to the recent biological phenomenon described by Boccia et al. (2021) namely that diving Anolis lizards not only repeatedly and independently evolved a specialized rebreathing behavior with the transitioning to a semi-aquatic lifestyle, but that its evolution presumably also coincided with, or was preceded by, the evolution of a hydrophobic structured skin to successfully do so.

Our study was published in Journal of Experimental Biology. And thanks to Day’s Edge Productions, we also got the issue cover!

Reference

S. Baeckens, M. Temmerman, S. Gorb, C. Neto, M. Whiting & R. Van Damme (2021) Convergent evolution of skin surface microarchitecture and increased skin hydrophobicity in semi-aquatic anole lizards. Journal of Experimental Biology 224(19): jeb242939 (doi: 10.1242/jeb.242939)

A Summer of Observing an Allison’s Anole Colony in Florida

Imagine being notified that someone is at your door, only to find this friendly fellow on your doorbell!

Video linked above

This is the everyday experience for residents of a lush neighborhood in Tampa, Florida, that have had a rogue Allison’s anole colony pop up and spread across their houses and yards. Many residents love and cherish the beautiful anoles and have been happy to share them with me. So these pictures are the result of this summer’s visits to the colony. Enjoy these beautiful anoles and the stories that come with them!

Having heard about the location, I sent letters to all the homeowners in the area, requesting permission to study the colony. Many homeowners generously allowed me to wander their properties with gates kindly opened for me.

The male above is one of the alpha males near the epicenter. Around 70-80% of the males observed were on houses, instead of trees and bushes as normally expected from an arboreal anole.

The other alpha male of the epicenter is pictured below in the next three pictures.

His territory includes the lily plants where the first anole was spotted by the homeowner in 2017. This is clearly defined as the epicenter, since the rest of the surrounding homeowners said that they did not see the A. allisoni until a year or two later.

Here is his reaction to me getting too close and bothering him.

A female, pictured above warily watching me, is less dressed to impress and more to camouflage.

One of the most common ways for invasive anoles to spread is through the plant trade. Bromeliads, lilies, and other thick shrubs are imported from Cuba or other countries in the Caribbean with anole eggs unknowingly hidden in their leaves and trunks. When the plants arrive and are placed in a lush garden, or kept at a nursery, the eggs hatch and the anoles grow and being to reproduce, starting a new non-native population.

Pictured above is one of the many new arrivals to the colony this season. Eggs are laid from April-October and hatch from May-December.

A male, pictured below, whose territory does not include any houses, but a few trees and a fence, displays and then scurries away to hide in his tree.

Before catching sight of me, he was proudly displaying himself.
After noticing me he escaped into his tree.

Across the street, two anoles mate while clinging to the side of a house. You can see the drastic sexual dimorphism in this species in this picture, as well as the deep blue coloration that comes out in the males while mating or during territorial disputes.

The anoles seem to prefer properties on the block with houses that have rough stucco walls to cling to, for example the beautiful male below. Houses with smooth exterior siding are shunned by A. allisoni at this colony.

The male below is one of my personal favorites at the colony, a male with almost every color of the rainbow! I only saw him during one visit in July, and in my many visits since then, I have not once seen him. Did he leave to find a new territory? Or was he eaten by a predator? I hope to one day see him again.

Above, another alpha male surveys his territory from a branch, and after catching sight of me, decides to leap away and leave the scene.

Video linked below.

He leapt away.

Video linked below.

And then he taunted me in his successful escape.

Another blue male and a female from his territory, a few feet away.

The colony’s active season is between March and September. Outside of these months, the males have subdued colors, remain brown most of the time, and hide in nooks and crannies of the exterior of the houses.

A young male watches me as I take his picture, above. It was a great experience to find one mid-transition from juvenile to adult and see the colors coming in nicely. Sadly, I have not seen this anole either since then.

A male on the northern outskirts of the colony displays from a tree.

A male with some vivid light blue coloration peeks over the top of a fence to spy on me.

This is an interesting observation. Note the markings on this male clinging upside down to the side of a fence. Was he grabbed by a bird or bitten by a rival male? The rounded imprint close to his legs seems to give away some kind of injury.

This young one is fresh out of a shed!
A vivid green female peers at me inquisitively.
A juvenile popping its head out from a bush.
Usually I was able to spot at least one mating pair on each of my visits.
An interesting observation, this adult male with no blue, only green.
A common territorial dispute.
This male has proclaimed himself King of the Gutter, and basks in his territory.
This male is acrobatically clinging upside down to a copper pipe.
It was interesting to see the variety in the blue coloration.

Just a year ago, I believed I would have to journey to Cuba to see these exotic creatures. Little did I know I would be spending the following summer with them without leaving home!

I will return to the colony March 2022 to continue my observations. Follow me on iNaturalist as well for more anole content!

If you’re interested in seeing more Florida Allison’s anoles, please visit my Instagram @dailyanole. Don’t forget to watch my video on this colony as well!

#DidYouAnole – Anolis acutus


Photo: Manuel Leal

Hi!

Turns out grad school eats up a lot of your time some weeks. Who knew!

So here is a pretty cool Caribbean anole this week. Anolis acutus, the Sharp Anole is endemic to St. Croix. These anoles are tan to olive in colour. Their dewlaps are white with a large yellow-orange blotch closer to the body. Males have an average SVL of 67mm and females, about 49mm.


Photo: Brett, iNaturalist

They are territorial and maintain hierarchies within their habitats. If an individual is removed, they become slightly agitated until the territory is taken over by a new anole or the individual returns (Ruibal & Philibosian, 1974). The adults also tend to be sedentary and have a perch height hierarchy, but exclude juveniles from occupied trees leaving them to find and occupy empty ones or live on the ground (Ruibal & Philibosian, 1974).

St Croix anoles appear to be eurythermal, meaning they have a broad temperature range (McManus & Nellis, 1973).


Photo: nolafrog, iNaturalist

With Apologies to Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Everyone Who Loves Anoles

Some would say there is a glorious history of anole-inspired poetry; others would say there is a history. But everyone can agree that it has been brief. Regardless, the best—and worst—of this work has been featured on Anole Annals (and nowhere else*). Last week, with multiple looming grant and paper deadlines, plus a lecture (or two or three) to write, I didn’t anticipate adding to this history (after reading the below, you’ll be glad that it is, now, history). However, I did open Twitter which is a pretty good sign that I was running out of useful ways to procrastinate. Near the top of my feed was this tweet/reply combo from Ken Feeley and James Stroud:

Without question, these are both great titles, but they brought another to my mind:

Anolis, how do I love thee?”

Having begun, and with procrastination as my muse, I couldn’t stop there and leave the thing unfinished. But, before you read further, if you’re not familiar with the famous poem whose title I have modified (i.e. ruined), you can read it here. It may help make sense of what follows (or maybe not). Regardless, to the memory of Elizabeth Barrett Browning and all appreciators of beautiful (or any other kind of) literature, I am deeply sorry.

Anolis, how do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My lasso can reach, when clinging out of sight
For the ends of twigs and trunk and grass.
I love thee to the level of every day’s
Sampling size, by sun and head-light.
I love thee freely, as we strive for statistics right.
I love thee purely, as they remain robust.
I love thee with the passion put to use
In my old hypothesis, and with my co-author’s faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my lost data. I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life; and, if the AE choose,
I shall but love thee better after the reviews.

 

So there it is. You may tolerate it or hate it. No on agrees on literature (very loosely defined) anyway. However, if there’s one thing we can agree on, it is that the whole thing is James Stroud’s fault (just kidding, James, I take full responsibility).

I posted the ‘poem’ on Twitter and so it is only fitting that Twitter should have the last word. Thus, I’ll leave you with this reply to my tweet from one of my past PhD students, which I think sums up the whole experience rather nicely:

*This isn’t actually true, but hey – artistic license. It turns out anole poetry has featured elsewhere and the history hasn’t been that brief either: https://www.anoleannals.org/2012/07/11/anole-poetry/

What Do 9,000+ Habitat Use Observations Tell Us about Padbearing Lizard Ecology?

 

Phelsuma laticauda steals the reptilian spotlight on Anole Annals today. This Day Gecko, alongside Anolis carolinensis and A. sagrei, are the focus of a recently conducted  comparative study by Wright et al. (2021) examining the linkage between morphology, performance, and ecology relative to the usage of adhesive digital toepads. Credit Wikimedia Commons.

New literature alert!

A new study by Wright et al. (2021) published in Functional Ecology presents the results of an ambitious and exciting experimental study comprising greater than 9,000 habitat use observations to compare how clinging performance interacts with ecology in Anolis lizards and the iconic Phelsuma laticauda (Day Gecko). The two anoles–A. carolinensis and A. sagrei–along with P. laticauda, have invaded the once squamate-free community of Hawaiʻi, providing the substrate for Wright et al. to examine the interaction between performance, morphology, and ecology.

Clinging performance on natural substrates predicts habitat use in anoles and geckos

 In Functional Ecology

Wright, Kennedy-Gold, Naylor, Screen, Piantoni, and Higham,

Abstract:

1) For arboreal lizards, the ability to cling or adhere to the substrate is critical for locomotion during prey capture, predator escape, thermoregulation, and social interactions. Thus, selection on traits related to clinging is likely strong.

2) Correlations between morphology, performance, and habitat use have been documented in arboreal lizards, providing a framework for using functional traits to predict habitat use in the field.

3) We tested the hypothesis that clinging performance predicts habitat use in an actively assembling community of introduced lizards in Hawaiʻi comprised of anoles (Anolis carolinensis, A. sagrei) and day geckos (Phelsuma laticauda).

4) We measured morphological traits (toepad area and lamellae number) and tested clinging performance on two artificial and eight natural substrates in the lab. We measured habitat use in 10 m x 10 m outdoor enclosures where habitat availability was controlled and the lizard species assemblage was manipulated to reflect all species combinations. The enclosure experiment generated more than 9,000 habitat use observations from 360 lizards.

5) Morphological traits that predict performance in Anolis were not predictive in Phelsuma, indicating that direct measures of performance are necessary for comparisons between the genera.

6) Measuring clinging performance on multiple substrates provided key insights into patterns of habitat use. While all three species performed best on an artificial smooth substrate (acrylic), performance on natural substrates predicted which texture (rough vs. smooth) was most often used by each species.

7) Performance predicted perch height use: species with the greatest clinging performance (A. carolinensis and P. laticauda) across substrates perched twice as high as A. sagrei.

8) We did not observe habitat shifts in the height or texture of perches used by any species in response to experimental manipulation of the lizard species assemblage.

9) Our results highlight the inextricable link between ecology, morphology, and performance, the importance of measuring functional traits in ecologically-relevant ways, and the potential for resource partitioning to be influenced by differences in the ability to attach to different substrates.

 

Observaciones de una Salida de Campo para Estudiar Anoles en Puerto Rico

Anolis occultus durmiendo en una rama, por Jhan C. Salazar

He tenido la oportunidad de buscar Anolis en tres países diferentes, dos en el Caribe (Puerto Rico y República Dominicana; escribiré sobre mi experiencia en República Dominicana también) y uno en el continente (Colombia), y siempre me sorprende lo diverso que es este grupo de lagartijas. Este año, finalmente fui a una salida de campo luego de la locura de la pandemia, o debería decir durante la locura de la pandemia. Fui por tres semanas a Puerto Rico junto con el increíble grupo de colegas del Laboratorio de Losos (los de Washington University) – Dr. Kristin Winchell (la líder del equipo), Dr. Elizabeth Carlen (la nueva postdoctorado del laboratorio), Ari Miller, Ansley Petherick y yo, y otras tres personas increíbles: Sarah Swiston (estudiante de doctorado en Landis Lab de Washington University), Albert Chung (estudiante de doctorado en Campbell-Staton Lab de Princeton University) y Armando Vera (un microbiólogo de la Universidad de Puerto Rico son que nos estaba ayudando).

He estado en varias salidas de campo en el pasado trabajando con diferentes tipos de organismos, pero este viaje de campo tuvo algo especial; fue el más concurrido que he tenido. No me malinterpreten aquí, realmente disfruté mi tiempo allí. Estábamos haciendo varios experimentos (de los que oirán hablar en el futuro) centrados en las diferencias entre los Anolis urbanos y de bosque.

Ahora, hablemos del por qué estoy escribiendo esta publicación. Llegamos a Puerto Rico en agosto y nos quedamos la mayor parte del mes, alojándonos en la Reserva Natural y Estación de Campo Mata de Plátano. Desde el momento en que aterricé, sentí lo cálida y agradable que es la gente de Puerto Rico, no hay nada mejor que sentirse bienvenido. Una vez que llegamos a la estación de campo, también me di cuenta de lo mucho que me encanta estar rodeado de naturaleza y desconectado del mundo; no tenía recepción telefónica en la estación de campo.

No voy a mentir, una de las razones por las que quería ir a Puerto Rico era para ver algunas o todas las especies de aves endémicas que tiene esta hermosa isla. Vi algunos de ellos, solo para nombrar un par, vi el búho puertorriqueño o múcaro y el cuco lagartijero. Lamentablemente, no vi especies como el san pedrito o tody puertorriqueño o la cotorra puertorriqueña. Sin embargo, esta vez optamos por un tipo diferente de grupo: los Anolis, en particular Anolis cristatellus.

Aunque estábamos buscando Anolis cristatellus, este no era el único Anolis que quería ver. Había otras 9 especies que estaba buscando; lamentablemente, no fuimos a Culebras, Vieques o Mona, supongo que tendré que volver para ver los que me faltan.

En nuestro primer día de muestreo, fuimos a la ciudad de Arecibo para buscar A. cristatellus, y mientras buscábamos esta especie, vi un lagartijo de aspecto extraño con algunas manchas negras en la espalda. Fue entonces cuando me di cuenta de que acababa de divisar mi segunda especie de anole, Anolis stratulus. En la tarde de ese día, estábamos trabajando en Mata de Plátano cuando Ari dijo “Hola Jhan, hay un gigante de corona”, y yo pensé, “no hay forma de que esto suceda tan temprano en nuestro viaje de campo”; eso era cierto. Vimos un hermoso anole de color esmeralda, Anolis cuvieri. Más tarde ese día, vi mi cuarta especie, una pequeña con líneas blancas a cada lado del cuerpo, Anolis pulchellus. ¡Cuatro especies diferentes en un día! ¿Qué tan loco es eso?

No fue hasta nuestra segunda semana que encontré mi quinta especie. Esta vez estábamos en un pequeño bosque en Mayagüez. Caminábamos por el bosque y vi un lagartijo de aspecto familiar, pero no estaba seguro de qué era. Le pregunté a Ari de qué especie era y me dijo: “Ese es Anolis krugi“. En nuestros últimos días en Puerto Rico, fuimos a un par de lugares donde encontramos los anoles que me faltaban por. Nuestra primera parada fue en el Parque Nacional El Yunque; si vas a Puerto Rico, debes ir aquí, totalmente recomendado. Me impresionó lo diferente que son las montañas colombianas de las puertorriqueñas. Incluso antes de que empezáramos a caminar, alguien señaló un anole en una palmera (lamentablemente, no recuerdo quién fue), ¡y era otro anole verde! Pero esta vez fue Anolis evermanni, y una vez más me sorprendió lo fácil que es ver algunas especies cuando solían pasar semanas buscando un individuo de una especie en los Andes.

Macho adulto de Anolis cooki tomando el sol en un tronco, por Jhan C. Salazar

Cuando estábamos a punto de comenzar a caminar, escuché decir a Kristin en el fondo, “ese es Anolis gundlachi, ¡mira esos ojos azules!”. Una vez escuché esto, corrí a ver a este lagartijo; cuando lo vi, me di cuenta de que los anoles son un grupo extraordinario de lagartijas. No sabía que podían tener ojos azules, o tal vez nunca lo noté hasta ese momento. Al día siguiente fuimos a Cabo Rojo, y allí encontramos dos especies: Anolis cooki y Anolis poncensis. En este lugar, Sarah, Armando, Kristin y yo estábamos caminando por un pequeño bosque y encontramos un lagartijo gris, A. cooki, y nuevamente, me sorprendí. ¡Nunca pensé que los anoles pudieran ser grises también! ¿Qué puedo decir sobre A. poncensis? Bueno, lo vi por un breve período, es una especie rápida; cuando caminábamos, Armando gritó “¡Anolis poncensis! ¡Te dije que estaba aquí!”. Armando me señaló, pero no lo vi sino hasta que empezó a correr; luego, se detuvo por un segundo, y en ese segundo, vi lo hermosa que es esa especie, tan pequeña, pero tan rápida.

Solo me faltaba una especie, pero esta historia es única. Al comienzo de la salida de campo, estaba hablando con Armando sobre los anoles que vio cuando estaba trabajando con Anna Thonis (una estudiante de posgrado en Akçakaya Lab en Stony Brook University) solo unas semanas antes, y dijo que le faltaba por ver solo una especie, Anolis occultus – esa fue la primera vez que escuché sobre esa especie; Ni siquiera sabía cómo se veía. El día que Armando me contó esa historia, comenzamos a planear la búsqueda para encontrar esa especie. Mientras estábamos en Mata de Plátano, había otro equipo trabajando también en Anolis, y uno de ellos, Alejandro, nos dijo dónde podíamos encontrar esta especie. Esa noche Armando y yo fuimos al bosque a buscar A. occultus; comenzamos a buscarla a las 9:00 pm y regresamos a las 12:30 am con las manos vacías; no lo vimos. Unos días después, Armando fue por su cuenta a buscar esta especie ootra vez, y nuevamente, no lo encontró. Otra noche, Albert y el otro equipo fueron a buscar A. occultus y nos preguntaron a Armando y a mí si queríamos unirnos a ellos, pero estábamos cansados; Al día siguiente, Albert nos mostró una foto de A. occultus; sí, la encontraron. Le pedí a Albert que se uniera a Armando y a mí para buscar esta especie tan misteriosa; esa noche fuimos a buscarla, desde las 10:00 pm hasta casi la 1:00 am, y una vez más fuimos derrotados.

En nuestra última noche, un sábado por la noche, Armando, Ansley, Ari, Sarah y yo estábamos decididos a encontrar A. occultus. Empezamos a mirar a las 8:00 pm más o menos. Caminamos y caminamos, mirando aquí y allá, pasaron minutos y nada. Pensé que íbamos a irnos de Puerto Rico sin ver esta especie, ya las 9:25 pm – sí, registré la hora – miré una rama con algo en ella, y me di cuenta de que lo habíamos encontrado, después de todos estos intentos allí estaba, Anolis occultus. Dije “lo encontré, finalmente lo encontramos”; todos estaban emocionados, especialmente Armando. Ari dijo entonces, “debe haber más individuos alrededor”, y efectivamente, ¡Ari encontró otro! Tomamos cientos de fotos de esos dos Anolis, y fue entonces cuando me di cuenta de que en tres semanas, ¡vi las 10 especies de Anolis que tiene Puerto Rico!

Me siento agradecido de visitar y trabajar en un lugar tan impresionante como Puerto Rico, con gente cálida, y playas y comida increíbles, en particular el mofongo y Church’s Chicken (nunca hicieron bien mi pedido, pero todavía me gusta). Ojalá pueda volver a trabajar en tan hermoso lugar, pero por ahora: “Con un cariño profundo en ti la mirada fija” – poema a Puerto Rico de José Gautier Benítez.

Macho adulto Anolis gundlachi tomando el sol en un tronco, por Jhan C. Salazar

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