Author: Jonathan Losos Page 112 of 130

Professor of Biology and Director of the Living Earth Collaborative at Washington University in Saint Louis. I've spent my entire professional career studying anoles and have discovered that the more I learn about anoles, the more I realize I don't know.

Anolis mariarum from https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.111687092219097.16289.111684688886004&type=1

Brian Bock and colleagues, most at the Universidad de Antioquia in Medellin, Colombia, have published a series of papers on two populations of the high elevation anole, Anolis mariarum. The most recent in this series, just out in the journal Caldasia, is an examination of the reproductive cycle of this species.

In Central America, many anoles that occur in areas with a single long dry season curtail their reproduction during the dry times. However, A. mariarum occurs in areas where there are two wet and two dry seasons over the course of the year, and this species breeds year round, as does another highland anole in a similar place climatically, A. (Phenacosaurus) heterodermus. The authors suggest that because each of the dry times are shorter than one long dry season, these species are able to continue breeding. But, as the authors note, a confounding factor is that these two species occur at very high elevations (> 2200 meters), where temperatures are much cooler than most species that have been studied. Despite a considerable amount of work on anole reproductive phenology, there is still much to learn.

Oldie But Goodie: Anolis Transversalis On The Cover Of Herp. Review

By Jonathan Losos

On October 15, 2011

In Classics from the Literature

Herpetological Review has recently made available all the covers going back to the advent of color photographs in 1995. I found them on <a href=”https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.180287091987312.50983.178914018791286″>Herp Review’s Facebook page</a>. As far as I could tell, this shot of Anolis tranvsersalis from the Sept. 1999 issue is the only anole to grace an HR cover. Time for another one, I’d say!

Monkey Eats Polychrus

By Jonathan Losos

On October 14, 2011

In New Research

What have I done? Capuchin monkey photo https://www.anoleannals.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/capuchinmonkey011.jpg?w=300

Sure they’re cute, but in reality they are anole-killing machines. Well, maybe that’s an exaggeration, but at least some monkeys will eat just about anything, and I was once told of a capuchin that caught a large anole (A. frenatus), held it by its hindparts and smacked its head repeatedly against a branch to dispatch it, and then ate it. This is why life is so tough for mainland anoles–there are so many critters out there trying to eat them.

Any way, that brings me to the subject of this post. In a recent Natural History Note in Herpetological Review (Vol. 42, pp.432-433), Cassimiro and Pereira Martins report an observation of a crested capuchin monkey (Cebus robustus) eating a Polychrus marmoratus, which ironically has the common name of “monkey lizard.” Although we now know that Polychrus is not the sister group of anoles, still, if a monkey’s eating monkey lizards, it’s probably eating anoles, too. And, in any case, we at Anole Annals are not going to discriminate against the poor monkey lizards just because they’ve lost their special status as almost-anoles, and hence we will continue to report from time to time on late breaking developments in the monkey lizard world.

Have You Seen Anoles Play Dead?

By Jonathan Losos

On October 11, 2011

In Natural History Observations, New Research

Baby Anolis distichus playing dead. See comment by Hispanioland.

John Phillips and Kirsten Nicholson report in Herpetological Review (42:426-427) observations on A. laeviventris and A. cupreus. To wit: “Upon capture, the individuals struggled to escape the grasp of one of the authors (JGP), and then suddenly went limp without further pressure being applied. In this state, both individuals exhibited the same body position: jaw wide open, dewlap extended, hind legs out, forelegs bent in over the venter….but when the grip was loosened, the individuals immediately sprung to life and escaped.”

The authors note that similar behavior has been recorded in several other species. Any one else seen this? Is it a widespread, but under-reported, natural behavior of anoles?

Anole Authors: Draw Attention To Your Work By Writing an Anole Annals Post

By Jonathan Losos

On October 10, 2011

In All Posts

But don’t believe us. Listen to satisfied AA poster Ashli Moore, who writes about her recent post (which has been viewed 625 times):

“Putting this up on the Anole Annals site was a great decision; I’m certain nobody would have noticed this paper otherwise! I want to thank you again for bringing this site to my attention and for allowing me to post.”

AA welcomes new posters. It’s really not that hard–you know what you did, just whip out a few paragraphs summarizing it. And it’s a great way to present the back-story behind the paper you published (or the project you’re working on). To find out how, check out the instructions here.

Cleaner Birds Removing Parasites From Anoles?

By Jonathan Losos

On October 9, 2011

In Natural History Observations

Here's a photo of a Carolina Wren that's caught a brown anole. But this story is something different. Photo from http://www.flickr.com/photos/24073599@N05/4545405419/

Brian Langerhans, he of mosquitofish fame (but with some anole credentials, such as here and here), writes from Raleigh, NC:

A strange interaction was observed this morning and I’m wondering if you know what’s going on. There are a number of A. carolinensis that live around our house, and today something weird happened. It’s a pretty cool morning, but a big male was on a ledge on our porch. Two Carolina wrens flew over to the anole, the anole sat still while one pecked on it’s body and tail, and then extended it’s dewlap and opened it’s mouth for a while (but was otherwise still) as the other wren pecked around and in it’s mouth. Do you know what might have been happening here? You’d think the birds were harrassing the anole (and maybe it’s too cold for the lizard to fight back), but it didn’t seem like it. There’s no way they could have been cleaning it (like removing mites), right? Any thoughts?

What’s All the Fuss About Dewlaps?

By Jonathan Losos

On October 8, 2011

In New Research

: Anolis carolinensis from http://www.mascotissimo.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/anolis_carolinensis.jpg

A few years ago, Richard Tokarz and colleagues conducted a series of studies in which he surgically disabled the dewlaps of some male A. sagrei and discovered that these functionally dewlapless lizards had no trouble holding a territory and seducing females. In a new study, Henningsen and Irschick found that surgically reducing the size of dewlaps in male A. carolinensis by about one-third had no effect on male-male aggressive interactions in the lab. Makes one wonder what’s the big deal about having a dewlap.

Anole Done In By a Black Widow

By Jonathan Losos

On October 7, 2011

In Natural History Observations

This sad photo comes to us courtesy of arachnologist extraordinaire Sarah Crews, who snapped the unfortunate little lizard (or fortunate spider, depending on your perspective) in Parque del Este in the Dominican Republic. The offending spider is a member of the genus Lactrodectus, the black widows. What a way to go.

Such spider on anole predation is far from unknown. I myself have observed a baby anole dangling in a spider web in a limestone pothole in the Bahamas, and there are a smattering of reports in the literature, including an A. carolinensis taken by a wolf spider, an A. chrysolepis ensnared by a whip spider, and an A. limifrons overpowered by a jumping spider (photo below). Indeed, I vaguely recall a fine example of scientific entrepreneurship, when a spider guy and a lizard guy teamed up to produce two papers from one such observation, publishing in a herp journal a paper with the theme “anole eaten by spider” and an arachnological journal entry with the tag line “spider eats anole.” Now, that’s maximizing research output! Alas, I could not put my finger on the publications. Anyone remember those?

Photo by Harry Greene, from Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree.

Creation Science Take On Anole Genome

By Jonathan Losos

On October 4, 2011

In Anoles and Anolologists in the News

Answersingenesis.org, whose mission is to “proclaim the absolute truth and authority of the Bible with boldness,” has a Science Notes section which provides “a weekly feature examining news from the biblical viewpoint.” Here’s what it had to say about the publication of the Anolis carolinensis genome (full article here):

“Delighted with a discovery related to human origins, researcher Jessica Alföldi noted that “Anoles have a living library of transposable elements,” bits of DNA that don’t code for anything and show up in lots of different locations. About a hundred of these were able to be matched up with counterparts on the human genome. Therefore, she concludes, “In anoles, these transposons are still hopping around, but evolution has used them for its own purposes, turning them into something functional in humans.” Pleased to have learned where humans got these non-coding genetic elements, she explains, “Sometimes you need to be at a certain distance in order to learn about how the human genome evolved.”

This comparative genetic study was certainly exhaustive, but the interpretation of the data in the shadow of the evolutionary tree of life is unjustified and unproven. Knowing that God designed all organisms to live in the same world, we should not be surprised to find that genes coding for the same proteins are needed in many, explaining the similarities across kinds. Each creature created in Creation week was fully equipped with the features it needed and the genes to code for many variations of those features. The fact that some things are similar and others are different does not show that reptiles, mammals, and birds share a common ancestor.”

Anole Theater!

By Jonathan Losos

On October 3, 2011

In Anole Art, Literature, and Humor, Education and Anoles

Tickets available at the Box Office.