Year: 2012 Page 26 of 47

Territorial And Thermoregulatory Behavior Of Sri Lankan Otocryptis Lizards

Anole Annals has a long tradition of promoting knowledge of honorary anoles (e.g., here). A little while ago, we had a post on non-anole dewlaps featuring Otocryptis and now we continue what will become a series of sporadic posts on the Asian branch of the anole fan club (Hey! That was a pun, in case you missed it).

Thanks to Sameera Suranjan Karunarathna’s posting on the Facebook “Professional Herpetologists” page, I’ve become aware of several interesting articles on the behavior of the Asian dewlap-bearing agamid lizard, Otocryptis wiegmannii.

The first paper is on the territorial behavior of this species. The description sounds like anoles in some ways—dewlap deployment is a major feature—but different in others, such as the ability of the dewlap to change colors and the way in which the lizards launch themselves at each other after approaching bipedally. Here’s the heart of the description:

“At once both males ran towards each other bypedally about 1 m and stood by their hind limbs for about another 1 minute (Fig. 3b). After that, there was about 1 m distance between them. During this period they were expanding and compressing their dewlaps rapidly approximately four to six times per minute and kept the dewlap expanded for approximately 1 second. Theirtails were lifted up and they appeared suddenly with black and white bands that became more prominent. The body colour was distinct with yellow, black, white and green. Their heartswere fluttered fast and both lizards breathed deeply.

Struggling

Field Work in Puerto Rico and a First Lizard Bite

Anolis evermanni in Bosque San Patricio, San Juan.

I’m presently in the field in Puerto Rico working with my (first, brave) doctoral student, Kristin Winchell, along with two undergraduate assistants (Zack & Sofia). Although Kristin has been with me to Puerto Rico once previously (in January), this expedition is the first trip of Kristin’s doctoral research, which will focus on urban ecology and adaptation in anoles. In this trip she is collecting phenotypic, habitat use, and activity temperature (ambient and internal) data for Anolis cristatellus in urban and forested sites in the three major municipalities of Puerto Rico: San Juan, Mayagüez, and Ponce. For example, our forested field locality in San Juan is the diminutive but verdant state forest Bosque San Patricio. San Patricio is a small forest of no more than about 70 acres nestled well within the sprawling San Juan metropolitan area. In spite of this status as an island of green amidst concrete, at least three species of anoles can be found there (including Anolis evermanni, pictured above), along with Ameiva, the Puerto Rican racer (I found two), and (according to accounts) the endangered Puerto Rican boa.

My role in this expedition is mostly in a supporting capacity. In addition, I am visiting colleagues, scouting sites, looking for boas, and preparing for the tropical biology field course that I will be co-instructing with herpetologist Alberto Puente here in January. In fact, while Kristin & her crew finish up in San Juan, I have proceeded ahead to Mayagüez with my wife, Emily, and our two year old daughter, Cecilia, both of whom joined us on the island a couple of days ago. This leads me to the the second part of my post title. No doubt Zack & Sofia, who have never worked on anoles before, suffered their first anole bites (and perhaps inumerable additional bites) on this trip. It’s part of the job! However, it was to my considerable surprise when Cecilia suffered her first Anolis bite as well. Before you call Child & Family Services, this was a total accident, not some cruel rite of passage.

What happened was as follows.

Anole Annals Wants You: Post Today!

Now that the summer’s in full swing, and many of our readers are out in the field seeing our beloved anoles, it’s a good time to advertise for new contributors. And the next two weeks will be particularly good, because this correspondent will be far away, thinking of things other than blogging, so why not help pick up the slack?

Who can post? Anyone who has something to say about the biology, natural history, or amazing-ness of anoles (well, within reason–we leave anole husbandry and sales issues to other websites). And fear not–you’ll have an audience. Anole Annals is now routinely visited by 500-800 readers a day (this month’s average = 605/day).

Anole Annals is a good place to let the anole community know what you’re working on, like Brad Lister’s recent overview of his fascinating work on the status of Puerto Rican anoles. And, it’s a great way to spread word of your recently published work–why not provide a short precis or tell the backstory of how the paper came to be, like Simon Lailvaux recently did? It’s a great way of giving people the short story of what you’ve done and get them interested in reading the whole paper.

If you are fortunate to live in an anole-inhabited region, tell us about your local species, like Juan Salvador Mendoza’s recent post on the anoles of Colombia.

And it’s just a great place to ask a question, post a photo, or report an observation. We aim to make Anole Annals the clearinghouse for all things Anolis, the place that the anole community turns to for the exchange of information or ideas. To do so, we welcome–no, heartily encourage–contributions from anyone and everyone. Posting is easy, and really doesn’t take much time. Don’t overthink it–just post today!

Help With Honduran Anole ID

Sofia Raudales, biologist and curator of the natural history museum of the National Autonomus University in Honduras, just sent these photos of an un-named anole captured in Honduras. I have a pretty strong hunch what they are, but since I’ve never been to Honduras, I thought I’d post the photos. If they are what I think they are, they were found where they’re not supposed to be. ID, anyone?

Can Anoles With Differently Shaped Genitals Interbreed?

We’ve had a number of posts in the last few months discussing new species described on the basis of difference in the shape of their hemipenes (most recently here). And, because such descriptions have been based on morphological data without any corroborating molecular data, we’ve wondered whether, in fact, these forms are genetically isolated and whether they are capable and willing to interbreed given the opportunity. Yes, some of the genetals looked like ones from an alien sex toy made by faak dildos. But are they compatible?

Köhler et al. have taken the next step and attempted to answer these questions in the case of Anolis osa, which was split from the otherwise nearly indistinguishable A. polylepis on the basis of its hemipenial shape (figures A and B above). They find that in the lab, members of the two putative species can interbreed and produce offspring, at least some of which are apparently fertile (although the details of this are hard to fathom). Moreover, in the field, hybrid looking individuals are found where the two forms meet (Figure C above), and the hemipenes of these individuals are similar to the intermediate-looking tallywhackers of hybrids bred in the lab (Figure D above).

Most interestingly, females of the species seem to differ in the shape of their reproductive tract in a manner parallel to the differences among the males. In particular, female A. polylepis have longer vaginal tubi, corresponding to bilobed structures of their males, whereas female A. osa‘s tubes are shorter. One possible explanation for these differences is the old “lock-and-key” hypothesis that male and female genitals are perfect matches, thus preventing interspecific matings. This idea has fallen out of favor in recent years, and the authors discount it. Rather, they favor more recent ideas that such differences evolve by sexual selection, females preferring males whose genitals phenotypically match their own. Here’s their theory

Anolis Encyclopedia Of Life Podcast

Maria Del Rosario Castañeda

We’ve had previous posts on new anole entries to the Encyclopedia of Life, the project that is attempting to create a webpage for every species of life on earth. Recently Rosario  Castañeda, whose work on anole phylogeny has been discussed previously, was appointed as an EOL Rubenstein Fellow with the goal of creating pages for the entire genus–a challenging endeavor for sure, and you can hear Rosario talk all about it, as well as about her research, on this newly released EOL podcast.

Lizard Conservation in the New York Times

Photo of S. arenicolus by Michael T. Hill from a U. S. Fish and Wildlife handout: http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/newmexico/documents/Dunes_Sagebrush_Lizards_Handout.pdf

An article in Wednesday’s NY Times reported mixed results from efforts to conserve the rare dunes sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus arenicolus [formerly S. graciosus arenicolus]).  Politics and oil interests are keeping the species off the endangered species list, but the Obama administration has reached a “conservation agreement” that ensures protection for most of the species’s range.  For those interested in delving into the science underlying this story in a bit more detail, some recent peer-reviewed work on this species address the impact of oil and gas development on lizard populations (Smolensky & Fitzgerald 2011), the effectiveness of alternative sampling strategies (Smolensky & Fitzgerald 2010), and genetic diversity within and among populations (Chan et al. 2009).  Smolensky and Fitzgeralds (2011) study of lizard abundances across a variable landscape paints a complicated picture suggesting that several different landscape variables likely impact the lizards, but they surely delighted the oil and gas industry with the following quote: “we did not find clear statistical evidence to support our hypotheses that oil and gas development at our study sites had a direct negative effect on quantity of habitat, quality of habitat, and populations of lizards. ”  Chan et al.’s (2009) study of genetic diversity finds evidence for geographic genetic differentiation of some populations, but does not detect differentiation among individual sand dune blowouts.  In any event, it’s not every day that our favorite type of critter makes it into the newspaper of record!

Isabella Rossellini Has A Thing For Anoles Doing It

Who knew that anoles were porn stars?

Actress Isabella Rosselini has become even more famous in recent years for a series of short films about animal sex, entitled Green Porno. The films are wacky and educational, and in them she acts out the mating behavior of various creatures, often in graphic, albeit artistic, detail. The award-winning series has gone through three seasons and airs on the Sundance channel (for more details, see the Wikipedia entry or the Green Porno website link above).

Along with the films, a book has been produced and, most importantly to us, a website is mantained. And yesterday, June 13th, that site has seen fit to feature anoles getting it on for the second time in their last five posts (see also May 13th). Be forewarned–the site is not PG-rated!

With Richard Branson blogging on anoles two weeks ago and now Isabella delving into their private lives, it’s clear that anoles have become the lizard of choice for the rich and famous.

Sensory Ecology of the Third Eye

A while back in the Annals, I introduced the mysterious (but not mythical) third eye, made even more peculiar by unexpected findings in the Anolis pineal gland (Moore & Menaker 2011). In a later post, I discussed non-visual photoreception—responses to light that do not require image formation—along with some recent evidence that such responses may be tuned to photic habitat in Anolis (Moore et al. 2012). Now I’m connecting the dots: non-visual photoreception in the Anolis pineal gland appears to be adapted to photic habitat (Moore & Menaker 2012).

The pineal gland can’t be seen externally, but it’s just posterior to the parietal eye (tiny circle in the middle) and right underneath the surface of the skull. Photo credit: TheAlphaWolf, License:Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported

Anolis Gadovi? Or A. Taylori? iNaturalist Needs Your Help

Anolis gadovi, taylori or something else?

We’ve discussed iNaturalist before. It’s an on-line community for naturalists where you can “record what you see in nature, meet other nature lovers, and learn about the natural world.” In fact, if you go to AA‘s Citizen Science page, you can see recent iNaturalist anole observations, and you can add your own observations there as well. Get to it!

This photograph was uploaded to iNaturalist today, snapped at  Jardín Botánico de Acapulco Esther Pliego de Salinas in Acapulco. Speculation abounds that it’s either A. taylori or A. gadovi. Can anyone out there confirm the identity of this beauty?

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