Year: 2011

Galapagos Finches and Antillean Anoles Compared, Plus Some Miscellany from Joan Roughgarden

Many thanks to Luke, Melissa and everyone else involved in organizing this interesting and valuable blog. I have just learned about it, and am stimulated to offer some comments that seem extensive enough to merit a separate posting.

To begin, I discuss Jonathan Losos’ comparison of the Galapagos finch radiation with the Antillean anole radiation, as reported in his post of Dec. 19. In the book chapter he refers to, Jonathan offers a beautifully written summary of the biology of these radiations. On p. 325 he concludes that “Overall, adaptive radiation in Darwin’s finches and Greater Antillean anoles has occurred in very much the same way. Interspecific competition appears to have been the driving force leading to resource partitioning and subsequently adaptation to different niches, and speciation is probably primarily allopatric and may be promoted as an incidental consequence of adaptation to different environments. Differences exist as well, such as the extent of hybridization and of independent evolution on different islands; many of these differences probably result because the radiations differ in age and aspects of natural history.” While I tend to agree with this conclusion, I would develop a alternative list of differences and similarities between Galapagos finches and Caribbean anoles.

Anole Talks at the 2011 SICB Meeting

The just concluded SICB meeting in Salt Lake City featured 19 talks on anoles.  You can see the titles and authors here, or go to here to check out the abstracts.  Anyone who attended want to tell us about the meetings?

Measuring the Light on High

Last summer the Glor lab began collecting light data to supplement ongoing research into the speciation of distichoid Anolis lizards.  Following methods developed by Leo Fleishman and Manuel Leal, our aim was to measure light levels at the exact location where a lizard had displayed.  Doing so involves holding a small sensor to the spot of the display and measuring the average light intensity for 15 seconds. That’s easy enough when the animal was 7 or 8 feet high, but most of our observations were substantially out of arms reach.

Necessity being the mother of invention (Plato, 360 B.C.), we rigged together our very own collapsible light meter pole using a broken panfish rod, utility cord and athletic tape.  This rig, pictured at right, has served us well, including our current trip to the Dominican Republic (for updates on the the trip see the Glor Lab Page).  It is our hope that by accurately measuring light at the site of displays we get a better handle on where males choose to display in their environment and how those sites differ between populations.

Norops’ last stand?

In the mid-1980’s, Guyer and Savage proposed dividing Anolis into five genera.  This proposal has mostly been rejected by the anole community, for reasons detailed in Poe (2004), Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree and the Wikipedia Norops page.  The main reason is that although Guyer and Savage’s proposed genus Norops is monophyletic, all of the other proposed genera are not.  Moreover, given the uncertainty that still exists about relationships at the base of the anole tree, sundering anoles into well-supported monophyletic subclades is still not possible.  Finally, in Guyer and Savage’s initial paper, Anolis sensu lato was found to be monophyletic—so why bother?  Even though we now know that Chamaeleolis, Chamaelinorops, and Phenacosaurus arose from within Anolis, it is much simpler to sink these genera into Anolis rather than to try to break anoles into umpteen different genera—many poorly supported.

Despite these points, and the general support for retention of an unsullied Anolis, support for Norops has one last redoubt, in Central America, and with particular strength in Costa Rica.  There, the use of Norops is nearly ubiquitous, as evident in the Reptiles of Costa Rica flashcard pictured above (and for sale throughout the country).

Results of the Costa Rica cristatellus Expedition

Map from http://www.costaricamapproject.com/InfoMaps/topographic.html

I’ve completed the brief survey of the distribution of A. cristatellus in Costa Rica (see previous post for explanation).  The work was hampered by rainy and cool weather.  Nonetheless, several new localities were identified.  In particular, we found cristatellus in Bribri, very close to the Panamanian border.  We actually went to the border town of Sixaolo, and even walked across the bridge, setting foot in Panama for a full 90 seconds (border officials apparently routinely allow tourists across the border to take a photo).  However, by that time, the weather was very overcast and cool, and no lizards were out.  Were I a betting man, I’d wager that cristatellus is already in the land of the canal.

Looking for the Puerto Rican A. cristatellus in Costa Rica

Anolis cristatellus in the front yard of a house in Turrialba.

I’ve just arrived in Limon, a port town on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, to track the spread of the introduced species A. cristatellus.  Several realizations occurred to me as we wended our way down the mostly beautiful road from San Jose.  First, I realized that not only have I seen cristatellus in its native range of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, but I’ve also seen introduced populations in Miami and the Dominican Republic, as well as here.  This species gets around! 

Your Chance to Make a Million

I report from Quepos, near Manuel Antonio National Park, one of the most popular tourist destinations in Costa Rica.  As you might imagine, the place is silly with vendors and shops selling all manner of trinkets and tchotkes: t-shirts, postcards, carvings, you name it.  And befitting Costa Rica’s ecotourist slant, much of this merchandise has a wildlife theme.  Red-eyed tree frogs, sea turtles, toucans, geckoniform lizards—I’m sick of them all.  I’ve searched high and low, through every shop and stall, here and elsewhere, and there is not a single anole-themed product to be found.  Imagine the money to be made: slender anole postcards, elegant painted carvings of A. biporcatus.  I’m sure I’m not the only ecotourist here thirsting after a little anoline piece of Costa Rica to take home as a beloved keepsake.  Herpetological entrepeneurs, get to it!

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